Mapping environmental and climate variations by GMT: A case of Zambia, Central Africa

Zambia recently experienced several environmental threats from climate change such as droughts, temperature rise and occasional flooding they all affect agricultural sustainability people wellbeing through negative effects on plants growing crops. This paper is aimed at showing variations in parameters spatial variability trends different regions of Zambia's key areas (Zambezi River tributaries), Livingstone near the Victoria Falls central region with Muchinga Mountains. A series 10 maps was plotted using data TerraClimate dataset: precipitation, soil moisture, Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), downward surface shortwave radiation, vapor pressure deficit anomalies, potential actual evapotranspiration wind speed relation to topographic distribution elevations GEBCO/SRTM data. The range PDSI according index values ranged minimum -5.7 maximum 16.6 mean 7.169, standard deviation 4.278. effective quantifying drought long-term period. Because applies water balance model, it indicates effect warming by correlation evapotranspiration. for moisture show 1 mm/m, 413 173 mm/m. study technically based Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) cartographic scripting toolset. contributes monitoring presenting a that are beneficial mapping Zambia.